The days of the American people tolerating the bad and abusive actions of a former spouse are long gone. No matter what you have heard in the past�Evan a female tortfeasor, even a former spouse, may very well be held responsible for her actions in your state. Take a look at the list below and read up. Then contact a competent attorney specializing in tort actions and decide what to do next.

Present status of the Interspousal Immunity Rule in 49 States including the District of Columbia; and in Admiralty

Alabama
Penton v. Penton, 223 Ala. 282, 135 So. 481 (1931) (Rule fully abrogated)

Alaska
Cramer v. Cramer, 379 P.2d 95 (1963) (Rule fully abrogated)

Arizona
Fernandez v. Romo, 132 Ariz. 447, 646 P.2d 878 (1982) (Rule fully abrogated)

Arkansas
Leach v. Leach, 227 Ark. 599, 300 S.W.2d 15 (1957) (Rule fully abrogated)

California
Klein v. Klein, 58 Cal.2d 692, 26 Cal.Rptr. 102, 376 P.2d 70 (1962) (Rule fully abrogated)

Colorado
Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19, 46 P.2d 740 (1935) (Rule fully abrogated)

Connecticut
Brown v. Brown, 88 Conn. 42, 89 A. 889 (1914) (Rule fully abrogated)

Delaware
Beattie v. Beattie, 630 A.2d 1096 (1993) (Rule abrogated as to negligence actions)

Florida
Waite v. Waite, 618 So.2d 1360 (1993) (Rule fully abrogated)

Georgia
Jones v. Jones, 259 Ga. 49, 376 S.E.2d 674 (1989) (Rule abrogated as to wrongful death actions) Rule acknowledged and sustained by statute. See Ga. Ann.Code § 19-3-8 (2002)

Hawaii
Haw.Rev.Stat. 572-28 (1993) (Rule fully abrogated)

Idaho
Lorang v. Hays, 69 Idaho 440, 209 P.2d 733 (1949) (Rule abrogated as to intentional torts) Rogers v. Yellowstone Park Co., 97 Idaho 14, 539 P.2d 566 (1975) (Rule abrogated as to motor torts) Illinois 750 Ill. Comp. Stat. 65/1 (2003) (Rule fully abrogated)

Indiana
Brooks v. Robinson, 259 Ind. 16, 284 N.E.2d 794 (1972) (Rule fully abrogated)

Iowa
Shook v. Crabb, 281 N.W.2d 616 (1979) (Rule abrogated for all personal injury actions)

Kansas
Flag v. Loy, 241 Kan. 216, 734 P.2d 1183 (1987) (Rule fully abrogated) Kentucky Brown v. Gosser, 262 S.W.2d 480 (1953) (Rule fully abrogated )

Louisiana
Smith v. Southern Farm Bureau, 247 La. 695, 174 So.2d 122 (1965) (Because of the competing effect of two statutes, (Article 2315 and LSA RS 9:291) has a cause of action but no remedy to enforce it) Maine MacDonald v. MacDonald, 412 A.2d 71 (1980) (Rule fully abrogated)

Massachusetts
Brown v. Brown, 381 Mass. 231, 409 N.E.2d 717 (1980) (Rule abrogated for all personal injury actions) Lewis v. Lewis, 370 Mass. 619, 351 N.E.2d 526 (1976) (Rule abrogated as to motor torts)

Michigan
Hosko v. Hosko, 385 Mich. 39, 187 N.W.2d 236 (1971) (Rule fully abrogated)

Minnesota
Beaudette v. Frana, 285 Minn. 366, 173 N.W.2d 416 (1969) (Rule fully abrogated prospectively)

Mississippi
Burns v. Burns, 518 So.2d 1205 (1985) (Rule fully abrogated)

Missouri
Townsend v. Townsend, 708 S.W.2d 646 (1986) (Rule abrogated as to intentional torts) S.A.V. v. K.G.V., 708 S.W.2d 651 (1986) (Rule abrogated as to negligence actions)

Montana
Miller v. Fallon County, 222 Mont. 214, 721 P.2d 342 (1986) (Rule fully abrogated)

Nebraska
Imig v. March, 203 Neb. 537, 279 N.W.2d 382 (1979) (Rule fully abrogated)

Nevada
Rupert v. Steinne, 90 Nev. 397, 528 P.2d 1013 (1974) (Rule abrogated as to motor torts)

New Hampshire
Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4, 95 A. 657 (1915) (Rule fully abrogated)

New Jersey
Merenoff v. Merenoff, 76 N.J. 535, 388 A.2d 951 (1978) (Rule fully abrogated)

New York
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Westlake, 35 N.Y.2d 587, 364 N.Y.S.2d 482, 324 N.E.2d 137 (1974) (Rule fully abrogated)

New Mexico
Maestas v. Overton, 87 N.M. 213, 531 P.2d 947 (1975) (Rule fully abrogated)

North Carolina
Crowell v. Crowell, 180 N.C. 516, 105 S.E. 206 (1920) (Rule fully abrogated)

North Dakota
Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191, 242 N.W. 526 (1932) (Rule fully abrogated)

Ohio
Shearer v. Shearer, 18 Ohio St.3d 94, 480 N.E.2d 388 (1985) (Rule fully abrogated)

Oklahoma
Courtney v. Courtney, 184 Okla. 395, 87 P.2d 660 (1938) (Rule fully abrogated)

Oregon
Heino v. Harper, 306 Or. 347, 759 P.2d 253 (1988) (Rule fully abrogated)

Pennsylvania
Hack v. Hack, 495 Pa. 300, 433 A.2d 859 (1981) (Rule fully abrogated)

Rhode Island
Digby v. Digby, 120 R.I. 299, 388 A.2d 1 (1978) (Rule abrogated as to motor torts) Asplin v. Amica Mut. Ins. Co., 121 R.I. 51, 394 A.2d 1353 (1978) (Rule abrogated where death of either spouse intervenes tortious act and commencement of suit)

South Carolina
Pardue v. Pardue, 167 S.C. 129, 166 S.E. 101 (1932) (Rule fully abrogated)

South Dakota
Scotvold v. Scotvold, 68 S.D. 53, 298 N.W. 266 (1941) (Rule fully abrogated)

Tennessee
Davis v. Davis, 657 S.W.2d 753 (1983) (Rule fully abrogated)

Texas
Price v. Price, 732 S.W.2d 316 (1987) (Rule fully abrogated)

Utah
Stoker v. Stoker, 616 P.2d 590 (1980) (Rule fully abrogated)

Vermont
Richard v. Richard, 131 Vt. 98, 300 A.2d 637 (1973) (Rule abrogated as to motor torts)

Virginia
Va Code Ann. 8.01-220.1 (Michie 1986) (Rule fully abrogated)

Washington
Freehe v. Freehe, 81 Wash.2d 183, 500 P.2d 771 (1972) (Rule fully abrogated)

West Virginia
Coffindaffer v. Coffindaffer, 161 W.Va. 557, 244 S.E.2d 338 (1978) (Rule fully abrogated)

Wisconsin
Wait v. Pierce, 191 Wis. 202, 209 N.W. 475 (1926) (Rule fully abrogated)

Wyoming
Tater v. Tater, 737 P.2d 1065 (1987) (Rule fully abrogated)

District of Columbia
D.C.Code § 30-201 (1976) (Rule fully abrogated)

Admiralty
Byrd v. Byrd, 657 F.2d 615 (4th Cir.1981) (�Interspousal immunity is a doctrine whose day has come and gone,� p. 621) All Citations 376 Md. 461, 830 A.2d 450